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| This section is meant to serve as
a repository of information that may be of use, and
perhaps add value, to your collecting endeavors. Of
necessity the focus is currently upon 18th Century
British Trade Tokens (Conders). However, I will be
most pleased to expand into other areas to suit your
needs.
The lists below are not
meant to be exhaustive nor exclusive. As with the
rest of the site, this is a work in progress. I will
do my best to add material as time permits. I would
welcome any assistance and will be happy to incorporate
your suggestions in regard to categories, specific
references and commentary, where appropriate. Feel
free to email
me |
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| So, how many
is that, really? The question of mintages for
British Trade Tokens seems to come up frequently.
Exact numbers for some tokens are given by a variety
of contributors including Pye, Atkins, Waters, and
Bell. Dalton & Hamer occassionally listed production amounts, by number or weight, and most always assigned a qualifier; common,
scarce, rare, etc. With some exceptions their qualifiers may be summarized as follows:
Designation |
Explanation |
Quantity |
| C |
Common |
Generally 150 or more |
| S |
Scarce |
Generally 75-150 |
| R |
Rare |
Generally 30-75 |
| RR |
Very Rare |
Generally 10-30 |
| RRR |
Exceedingly Rare |
Generally less than 10 |
This is a topic of ongoing discussion and generally refers to production and not surviving specimens. At times, production is referred to in terms of tons, hundredweights, or pounds. Weights were avoirdupois with 7000 grains (gr) to the pound. The Regal standard of halfpence and farthings were 152.17 gr (9.89 grams) and 76.09 gr (4.95 grams), respectively. Thus, in using the Regal standard one pound (lb) of copper would produce 46 halfpence or 92 farthings; a hundredweight (cwt) 5,152 halfpence or 10,304 farthings; a ton (t) 103,040 halfpence or 206,080 farthings. Note that a Regal ton is equal to 2,240 pounds; a hundredweight at 112 pounds.
The number of tokens per unit of weight thus depended upon the actual production weight of each token. Frequently they weighed less, occassionally more. Some at full weight with one penny at a full ounce of copper (16 to the pound) and halfpennies at 1/2 an ounce (32 to the pound).
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Adams, John |
The Indian Peace
Medals of George III |
1999 |
| Ashraf, P.M. |
The Life and Times of Thomas Spence |
1983 |
Atkins, James |
The Tradesmans Tokens
of the Eighteenth Century |
1892 |
Bell, R. C. |
Commercial Coins
1787-1804 |
1963 |
Bell, R. C. |
Copper Commercial
Coins 1811-1819 |
1964 |
Bell, R. C. |
Political and Commemorative
Pieces Simulating Tradesman Tokens 1770-1802 |
1989 |
Bell, R. C. |
Specious Tokens
and Those Struck for General Circulation 1784-1804 |
1968 |
Bell, R. C. |
The Building Medalets
of Kempson and Skidmore 1796-1797 |
1978 |
Bell, R. C. |
Tradesmans Tickets
and Private Tokens 1785-1819 |
1966 |
Bell, R. C. |
Unofficial Farthings
1820-1870 |
1975 |
| Berry, George |
Discovering Trade Tokens |
1969 |
Betts, C. Wyllys |
American Colonial
History Illustrated By Contemporary Medals |
1970 |
Birchall, S.J. |
An Alphabetical
List of Provincial Copper Coins or Tokens, issued
between the years 1786 and 1796 |
1796 |
| Bowers, Q. David |
Colonial and early American Coins |
2009 |
Boyne, William |
Tokens Issued in
the Seventeenth, Eighteenth, and Nineteenth
Centuries, in Yorkshire by Tradesmen, Overseers
of the Poor, etc. in Gold, Silver, Brass, and
Copper |
1858 |
Breen, Walter |
Complete Encyclopedia
of U.S. and Colonial Coins |
1988 |
| Bringham, Clarence |
Paul Revere's Engravings |
1969 |
Brown, L. |
British Historical
Medals. Volume I The Accessions of George III
to the Death of William IV |
1980 |
Burn, Jacob |
A Descriptive Catalogue
of the London Traders, Tavern, and Coffee House
Tokens Current in the Seventeenth Century. |
1855 |
Conder, J |
An Arrangement of
Provincial Coins, Tokens and Medalets, issued
in Great Britain, Ireland and the Colonies within
the last twenty years; from the farthing to
the penny size. |
1799 |
Cotton, William |
The Coins, Tokens,
and Medals of Worcestershire with Illustrations
and Notes |
1885 |
Crosby, Sylvester |
The Early Coins
of America |
1875 |
Dalton, R. |
The Silver-Token
Coinage Mainly Issued between 1811 and 1812
Described and Illustrated. |
1922 |
Dalton & Hamer |
The Provincial Token
Coinage of the Eighteenth Century. Various editions. The last: |
2004 |
Davis, W. J. |
Catalog of a Collection
of Rare Tradesmen's Tokens |
1901 |
Davis, W. J. |
The Nineteenth Century
Token Coinage of Great Britain, Ireland, the
Channel Islands and the Isle of Man to which
are added Tokens of over One Penny Value of
Any Period |
1904 |
Davis, W. J. |
The Token Coinage
of Warwickshire with Descriptive and Historical
Notes |
1895 |
Davisson, Allan |
Token Catalog and
Handbook |
1991 |
Denton, M. |
The Virtuoso's Companion
and Coin Collector's Guide. Vol. 1 |
1795 |
Dickenson, Michael |
Seventeenth Century
Tokens of the British Isles and their Values |
1986 |
Doty, Richard |
The Soho Mint &
the Industrialization of Money |
1998 |
| Forrer, Leonard |
The Wyons |
1917 |
| Forrer, Leonard |
Biographical Dictionary of Medallists. Published in eight volumes including supplements. |
1904 |
Gallop, G.I. |
Pigs’ Meat
The Selected Writings of Thomas Spence |
1982 |
Golding, Charles |
The Coinage of Suffolk
consisting of the Regal Coins, Leaden Pieces
and Tokens of the Seventeenth, Eighteenth, and
Nineteenth Centuries together with Notices of
the Mints and Some of the Issuers of Tokens |
1868 |
Greensword, M. |
A Journey Through
the Monklokian rain forests in search of the
spiney Fubbaduck |
1993 |
Hawker, C. R. |
Druid Tokens |
1996 |
Hawkins, R. N. |
A Dictionary of
Makers of British Metallic Tickets, checks,
tallies, and counters 1788-1910 |
1989 |
Henderson, Alan |
Hop Tokens of Kent
and Sussex and Their Issuers |
1990 |
Kent, G. C. |
British Metallic
Coins and Tradesmen's Tokens from 1600-1912 |
1912 |
King, Jr., T. |
Catalog of Provincial
and Other Tokens (Thomas Welch Collection) |
1801 |
Lincoln, Fred |
A List of Copper
Provincial Tokens, chiefly half-penny size,
Issued by Tradesmen, In various of Towns Great
Britain, During the eighteenth Century, offered
for sale, at the prices affixed. |
1855 |
Longman, W. |
Tokens of the Eighteenth
Century connected with Booksellers & Bookmakers |
1916 |
| Lowe, Geoffrey |
An Introduction to British Tokens
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1975 |
Manville, H.E. |
Tokens of the Industrial
Revolution |
2001 |
Mays, James |
Tokens of Those
Trying Times |
1991 |
| Mitchiner, Michael |
Jetons, Medalets and Tokens. British Isles Circa 1558 to 1830 |
1998 |
Morris, Henry |
Trade Tokens of
British and American Booksellers & Bookmakers |
1989 |
Mossman, Phillip |
Money of the American
Colonies and Confederation |
1992 |
Mossman, Philip |
Coinage of the American
Confederation Period |
1996 |
Mundie, J |
An Historical and
Critical Account of a Grand Series of National
Medals . . . Dedicated by permission to His
Most Excellent Majesty George the Fourth. Embellished
with Outlines of the Entire Series |
1820 |
| Nipper, Will |
In Yankee Doodle's Pocket. The Myth, Majic and Politics of Maney in Early America |
2008 |
| Peck, C. Wilson |
English Copper, Tin and Bronze Coins in the British Museum 1558-1958 |
1960 |
Porritt, A. |
Matthew Young and
His Correspondents a Century and a Half Ago
with a Glimpse at the First London Numismatic
Society. |
1967 |
Pye, C. |
Provincial Copper
Coins or Tokens Issued between the years 1787
and 1796 |
Undated |
Pye, C. |
Provincial Copper
Coins or Tokens Issued between the years 1787
and 1801 |
1801 |
| Rulau, Russell and Fuld, George |
Medallic Portraits of Washington |
1999 |
Samuel, Richard |
British Tokens:
The Bazaar Exchange and Mart; 1880-1889 |
1994 |
Schwer, Siegfried
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Price Guide to Eighteenth
Century Tokens |
1983 |
Seaby |
British Tokens and
Their Values |
1970 |
| Selgin, George |
Good Money. Birmingham Button Makers, the Royal Mint, and the Beginnings of Modern Coinage, 1775-1821 |
2008 |
Sharp, Thomas |
A Catalogue of Provincial
Copper Coins, Tokens, Tickets and Medalets issued
in Great Britain, Ireland, and the Colonies
during the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries:
arranged according to Counties, etc. with particulars
of their fabrication, names of the artists,
and miscellaneous remarks illustrative of the
rarity of particular specimens. |
1834 |
| Smith, Dorothy Bentley |
A Georgian Gent & Co. The Life & Times of Charles Roe |
2005 |
Spence, T. |
The Coin Collectors
Companion |
1795 |
| Sweeny, James |
A Numismatic History of the Birmingham Mint |
1981 |
Waters, Arthur |
Notes Gleaned from
Contemporary Literature, &c, respecting
the Issuers of the Eighteenth Century Tokens,
struck for the County of Middlesex arranged
according to Adkins' s Tradesmen's Tokens |
1906 |
Waters, Arthur |
The Token Coinage
of South London issued in the 18th and 19th
Centuries, with Introduction and Notes |
1904 |
Waters, Arthur |
Trial of Thomas
Spence in 1801, together with his Description
of Spensonia . . . Also a Brief Life of Spence
and a Description of his Political Token Dies |
1917 |
| Waters, Arthur |
Notes on Eighteenth Century Tokens
|
1954 |
Whiting, J.R.S.
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British Commomwealth
Medals; a Medallic History of Britain from Tudor
Times to Present Day |
1972 |
Whiting, J.R.S.
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British Trade Tokens,
A Social and Economic History |
1972 |
Whitmore, John
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The Token Collectors
Companion |
2006 |
Withers, Paul and
Bente |
British Copper Tokens
1811-1820 including those of Ireland, the Isle
of Man and the Channel Islands |
1999 |
Woolf, Noel |
The Medallic Record
of the Jacobite Movement |
1988 |
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British Trade Tokens |
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| Collection |
Auction House |
Auction Date |
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| Anderson, Wayne |
Davissons |
April 25, 2000 |
| Bell, R.C. |
DNW |
October 1, 1996 |
| Brown, R.S., Part I |
DNW |
October 7, 2009 |
| Chetwynd, Sir George |
Christie, Manson &
Woods |
July 30 - Aug 3, 1872 |
| Cokayne, Francis |
Glendining |
July 17, 1946 |
| Conder, James |
Sotheby |
June 5, 1855 |
| Davis, W.J. |
Sotheby |
Mar 11-15, 1901 |
| Farnell, John, Part I |
Sotheby |
Dec 8, 1981 |
| Farnell, John, Part II |
Sotheby |
May 26, 1982 |
| Gerson, Myles, Part I |
Spink Sale 53 |
June 19, 1986 |
| Gerson, Myles, Part II |
Spink Sale 58 |
Apr 30, 1987 |
| Hamer, S.H. |
Glendining |
Nov 26-28, 1930 |
| Jan, T.A., Part I |
Spink Sale 26 |
Feb 9, 1983 |
| Jan, T.A., Part II |
Spink Sale 35 |
Apr 11, 1984 |
| Lawrence, Frederick |
Sotheby |
May 2-4, 1900 |
| Lincoln, F.W. |
Glendining |
Feb 12-13, 1936 |
| Litrenta, David, Part I
|
DNW Sale 65 |
Mar 16, 2005 |
| Litrenta, David, Part II
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DNW Sale 69A |
Mar 16, 2006 |
| Litrenta, David, Part III
|
DNW Sale 70B |
July 11, 2006 |
| Longman, William |
Glendining |
Mar 12-13, 1958 |
| Miller, Joseph |
Sotheby |
Feb 25-28, 1829 |
| Noble, W.J. |
Noble |
July 7-8, 1998 |
| Norman, William, Part I
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Sotheby |
July 13-15, 1903 |
| Norman, William, Part II |
Sotheby |
June 27-28, 1905 |
| Sanderson, W.Waite |
Glendining |
Nov 16-17, 1944 |
| Spence, David, Part I |
DNW Sale 63 |
Oct 7, 2004 |
| Spence, David, Part II
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DNW Sale 67A |
Sep 29, 2005 |
| Spence, David, Part III |
DNW Sale 70B |
July 11, 2006 |
| Spingarn, Joel |
DNW Sale 52 |
Nov 28-29, 2001 |
| Young, Matthew |
Sotheby |
1838 - 1841 |
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American
Numismatic Association
www.money.org
American
Numismatic Society
www.numismatics.org/
The
British Museum
www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk
Conder
Token Collectors Club
www.conderclub.org
Colonial
Coin Collectors Club
www.colonialcoins.org
Early
American Coppers
www.eacs.org
British
Numismatic Society
www.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/coins/britnumsoc/
Royal
Numismatic Society
www.numismatics.org.uk/
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